Supporting underrepresented students in health sciences: a fuzzy cognitive mapping approach to program evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The Students Training in Academia, Health, and Research (STAHR) Program at the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) strives to help students from low-income families that have experienced educational challenges due to poverty and prepare them to enter, persist, and graduate from a health sciences degree program at UMKC. Students in the program participated in fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) sessions to ensure that all voices of the program were heard to improve program implementation, and student success, and contribute to an equitable educational environment. METHODS: Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping sessions for the 2020-2021 cohort of students (n = 52) were conducted to assess the strengths and weaknesses in program implementation, especially through the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students' maps were coded by a team of researchers and then confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: Statistical analyses reveal that mentorship, workshops, and social support helped students to work toward their goal of obtaining a professional health sciences degree, while a lack of time, remote learning, and outside stressors inhibited their opportunities for success. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from a multipronged analysis of mapping data demonstrate the value of this innovative approach to the field, especially when looking to incorporate student voices.

Exploring academic teachers perspectives regarding the impact of using medical simulation in dentistry pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Medical simulation allows for the achievement of many educational goals and the continued education of some practical skills. The COVID-19 pandemic's restrictions have led to a major increase in dental education simulations. The aim of this study was to analyse the perspectives of academic teachers towards dental simulation, their concerns and evaluation of this teaching method, as well as their opinion on the use of medical simulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: A focus study was conducted in a group of 5 academic teachers, comprising 10% of academic teachers of a Dental Faculty using simulation techniques. Prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the interviewed teachers had expertise with medical simulation in dentistry education methods. A facilitator used pre-planned, open-ended questions about the use of simulation in dentistry also with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic period. The group discussion has been managed, monitored, and recorded. The data analysis model was based on Braun and Clarke's six phases of thematic analysis. Five thematic domains/fields were evaluated: (1) Simulation as a didactic method; (2) Simulation during COVID-19 pandemic; (3) General observations and expectations with regard to simulation; (4) Teachers in simulation; (5) Concerns in relation to simulation. Two researchers analysed the data. RESULTS: Based on interviewed teachers' perspective the simulation allows students to learn basic and complex skills providing the repeatability of the procedures performed. During Covid-19 the simulation methods undoubtedly filled the gap in the training of future dentists. However, interviewed teachers pointed out the high cost of the methods dictated by the need to prepare the simulation environment at a high level, in order to reflect the real clinical situation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of simulation methods requires adequate preparation of academic teachers, continuous education and updating of knowledge in the field of medical simulation. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced the growth of dental education simulation techniques as well as staff knowledge of the usage of medical simulation.

Percepção e conduta de acadêmicos de odontologia frente aos casos de violência contra a mulher / Perception and conduct of academics of Dentistry in front of cases of violence against women / Percepción y conducta de académicos de Odontología frente a casos de violenciacontra la mujer

A violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno social complexo que traz danos reais à saúde das vítimas, incluindo o trauma facial, cuja abordagem deveser feita porcirurgiões-dentistas devidamente capacitados para atuar neste cenário. Objetivo:Analisar a conduta e percepção dos acadêmicos do terceiro ao quinto ano do curso de Odontologia de uma Faculdade privada do Recife-PE frente aos casos de violência contra a mulher. Metodologia:Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, sem intenção de generalizar os resultados para outros universos, realizado com estudantes do terceiro ao quinto ano cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre setembro e outubro de2020, através de um questionário eletrônico encaminhado através dos grupos de Whatsapp.Resultados:Boa parte dos estudantes já presenciou algum caso de violência contra mulher (44,1%). Para eles, as causas da violência são impunidade (61,0%), dependênciaquímica e alcóolica (55,9%) e problemas psiquiátricos (54,2%), como também machismo (11,9%). A maioria (96,6%) afirmou que mulheres são mais acometidas e 72,9% consideram que cabeça e pescoço são as regiões maisafetadas. A maioria (61,0%) afirmater recebido orientação sobre como agir por algum meio de comunicação (45,8%) e 10,2% receberam orientação na graduação. Alguns alunos (3,4%) afirmaram já ter identificado casos de violência contra a mulher na clínica da faculdade. Entretanto, 44,1% afirmaram não saber do que se trata uma notificação compulsória. Conclusões:Os estudantes de Odontologia reconhecem as mulheres como as principais vítimas da violência, consideram que a cabeça e o pescoço são as regiões mais afetadas, sendo necessários os registros documentais das lesões examinadas e do atendimento efetuado para que laudos e prontuários possam ser utilizados como prova (AU).

Violence against women is a complex social phenomenon that brings real damage to the health of victims, including facial trauma, which must be addressed by dentists who are duly trained to act in this scenario. Objective:To analyze the conduct and perception of students from the third to fifth year of the Dentistry course at a private college in Recife-PE regarding cases of violence against women. Methodology:This was just a descriptive and exploratory study, with no intention of generalizing the results to other universes, carried out with students from the third to the fifth year whose data collection took place between September and October 2020, through an electronic questionnaire sent through the groups from Whatsapp. Results:For them, the causes of violence are impunity (61.0%), chemical and alcoholic dependence (55.9%) and psychiatric problems (54.2%), as well as machismo (11.9%). The majority (96.6%) stated that women are more affected and 72.9% consider that the head and neck are the most affected regions. Most (61.0%) claim to have received guidance on how to act through some means of communication (45.8%) and 10.2% received guidance during graduation. Some students (3.4%) stated that they had already identified cases of violence against women at the university clinic. However, 44.1% said they did not know what a compulsory notification was about. Conclusions:Dentistry students recognize women as the main victims of violence, considering that the head and neck are the most affected regions, requiring documentary records of the injuries examined and the care provided so that reports and medical records can be used as evidence (AU).

Perspectives on the teaching of Occupational Dentistry according to university curricula in Southeast Brazil.

Introduction: Occupational Dentistry is a specialty recently acknowledged by the Federal Council of Dentistry that seeks to prevent work-related oral health issues. It aims to improve workers' quality of life and promote a more efficient productive development. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether the subject of Occupational Dentistry was included in the curriculum of undergraduate Dentistry courses in Southeast Brazil. Methods: The curriculum of universities registered on the Brazilian Ministry of Health's website (e-MEC) were analyzed regarding type of university administration (private or public), inclusion of Occupational Dentistry in the curriculum of Dentistry courses, whether the subject was compulsory or not, and subject workload. Universities that did not make the course curriculum available on their website were excluded from the analysis. Results: Of 176 universities registered on e-MEC, 144 were included in the study. Most universities (86.9%) were private, whereas only 13.1% were public. Occupational Dentistry was available in 10 universities. The subject was compulsory in 4 and optional in another 4 universities, with a total mean workload of 37.5 hours. Two universities did not disclose this information. Conclusions: Our analysis allowed the investigation of the overall inclusion of Occupational Dentistry in the curriculum of Dentistry courses in Southeast Brazil. Only a small percentage of universities (6.9%), mostly private, included the subject in the course curriculum, usually on a compulsory basis.

Introdução: A Odontologia do Trabalho é uma especialidade recentemente reconhecida pelo Conselho Federal de Odontologia e ocupa-se em combater agravos à saúde bucal do trabalhador decorrentes de seu ambiente de trabalho. Ela busca melhorar a qualidade de vida do profissional e propiciar o desenvolvimento produtivo mais eficiente. Objetivos: Este trabalho se propõe a apresentar um panorama da disciplina de Odontologia do Trabalho nas instituições de ensino superior que possuem o curso de graduação em Odontologia na região Sudeste do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise das grades curriculares de todas as instituições cadastradas no portal eletrônico do Ministério da Educação (e-MEC), analisando quantas eram privadas e públicas, quais tinham a disciplina, se era obrigatória ou optativa e a carga horária. Foram excluídas da análise as instituições que não disponibilizaram a grade curricular em seus sítios eletrônicos. Resultados: Foram encontradas 176 instituições, sendo que, destas, 144 foram incluídas no estudo. Entre as incluídas, 86,9% foram particulares e 13,1% foram públicas. A disciplina foi encontrada em 10 instituições, sendo que é ofertada como obrigatória em quatro e como optativa em outras quatro, totalizando uma carga horária média de 37,5 horas, desconsiderando duas universidades que não forneceram essas informações adicionais. Conclusões: A partir desta análise, foi possível traçar um cenário da inserção da Odontologia do Trabalho, demonstrando que a oferta da disciplina se encontra bastante reduzida (6,9%), sendo mais prevalente em universidades privadas e de forma obrigatória.

How is working length determination taught? A survey to assess what is recommended in undergraduate Schools of Dentistry in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: To analyse what are the methods for working length (WLD) determination taught for undergraduate students in Brazilian Dental Schools and the perception of professors about the use of electronic WL determination in the clinical practice. METHODS: An online questionnaire with eighteen closed questions was sent to 209 Schools of Dentistry in Brazil using the Google Forms Platform. The questionnaire was structured to analyse the perception of professors in the department of endodontics about the method of working length determination taught in undergraduate courses in Dentistry. The data collected in the questionnaires were transferred to an Excel® spreadsheet and analysed using absolute and relative frequencies. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups. RESULTS: Of the 209 schools contacted, 41 (19.61%) returned answers to the questionnaire. According to professors, electronic working length (WL) determination had a shorter length of time to perform it (p < .001), WL measurement accuracy (p < .001) and ease of performance (p < .001). Professors felt safer when maintaining patency when using electronic WL determination (p = .0020). CONCLUSIONS: Both radiographic and electronic methods of WL determination are taught in Brazilian Schools of Dentistry. The electronic method was used more frequently, especially in undergraduate clinical courses.

Os dentistas estão preparados para a promoção da amamentação e alimentação complementar saudável? / Are dentists prepared to promote breastfeeding and healthy complementary food?

Resumo O aleitamento materno (AM) e a introdução adequada da alimentação complementar (AC) são estratégias que comprovadamente melhoram a saúde bucal e previnem doenças. Por isso, atividades de promoção dessas práticas devem ser realizadas por todos os profissionais de saúde. Buscou-se, através da metodologia quantitativa, analisar o resultado de um inquérito realizado com dentistas cadastrados no Conselho Regional de Odontologia de São Paulo sobre sua formação acadêmica e profissional nestes temas. Os conteúdos mais recebidos na graduação foram sobre os benefícios do AM para a prevenção da saúde geral (74,6%). Entre os profissionais que receberam capacitação em serviço, foram 27,8% (AM) e 21,5% (AC), sendo que mais de 80% conseguiram aplicar o conhecimento no dia a dia. Quando solicitados a dar orientação sobre AM, apenas 15% responderam se sentir preparados. Sobre se consideram ser atribuição do dentista o apoio ao AM e AC, 92,3% responderam que sim e 85% reconhecem precisar de atualização. Conclui-se que há uma lacuna a ser preenchida com a formação acadêmica e capacitações/atualizações para que o dentista possa efetivamente atuar na promoção e apoio ao AM e AC.

Abstract Breastfeeding (BF) and the adequate introduction of complementary feeding (CF) are strategies that have been shown to improve oral health and prevent diseases. Therefore, activities to promote these practices must be carried out by all health professionals. This article addresses the opinion of the dentist about his or her education, knowledge and role in supporting and encouraging BF and CF. It was sought, through quantitative methodology, to analyze the result of a survey carried out with dentists registered with the Regional Dentistry Council of São Paulo about their academic and professional training in these themes. The major academic contents received at college were about the benefits of breastfeeding for the prevention of general health (74.6%). Among the professionals, 27.8% of them received in-service training on BF and 21.5% on CF, with more than 80% being able to apply their knowledge on a daily basis. When asked about providing guidance on BF, only 15% responded feeling prepared to do so. Regarding whether they consider it to be the dentist's responsibility to support BF and BF, 92.3% answered yes and 85% said they needed updating. It is concluded that there is a gap to be filled with academic training and training / updates so that the dentist can effectively act in the promotion and support of BF and CF.

Digital technology in dental education during COVID-19 pandemic: worldwide experience of professors and students / Tecnología digital en la educación odontológica durante la pandemia por COVID-19: experiencia mundial de profesores y estudiantes

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to assess the use and experience with digital communication tools among dentistry professors and students to adapt to distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Nine hundread and ninety five participants (479 dentistry professors and 516 students) from countries in North America, Latin America, Brazil, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East answered a questionnaire about motivation/stress/anxiety; practice with digital technologies; synchronous/asynchronous communication technologies (difficulties/benefits), and which ones would they prefer using when returning to college. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact (α=0.05). Motivation was more affected among the female professors, male students, and Brazilians (p<0.05). Concern about the academic future, was higher among female students, up to 30 years old, from Latin America and Brazil, and lower for European professors (p<0.05). Anxiety and stress were higher for undergraduate students up to 20 years old from Latin America and Brazil (p<0.05). European professors used more synchronous videoconferencing services for lectures/questions, while Brazilians used more text messaging applications for answering questions (p<0.05). Latin American professors used more surveys for evaluation (p<0.05). Brazilian professors indicated that they would use "online meetings" and "survey administration services" when returning to face-to-face activities and European professors/students would use "email" (p<0.05). Professors from Asia/Oceania/Middle East and professors/students from Brazil indicated "remote activities were important for students not to be inactive" (p<0.05). Efforts were made to adapt Dentistry's teaching to distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the technologies used for this, feelings, and experiences differed between professors and students.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso y la experiencia con herramientas de comunicación digital entre profesores y estudiantes de odontología para adaptarse al aprendizaje a distancia durante la pandemia Covid-19. Novecientos noventa y cinco participantes (479 profesores y 516 estudiantes de odontología) de países de diferentes regiones de América del Norte, América Latina, Brasil, Europa, Asia, Oceanía y Oriente Medio respondieron un cuestionario sobre motivación/ estrés/ansiedad; práctica con tecnologías digitales; tecnologías de comunicación sincrónicas/asincrónicas (dificultades/beneficios), y cuáles continuarían usando al regresar a la universidad. Los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas Chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher (α=0,05). La motivación se vio más afectada entre las profesoras, estudiantes y brasileños (p<0,05). La preocupación por el futuro académico fue mayor entre las estudiantes, hasta los 30 años, de América Latina y Brasil, y menor para el profesorado europeo (p<0,05). El estrés fue mayor para el estudiantado de pregrado de Latinoamérica y Brasil hasta los 20 años (p<0.05). El profesorado europeo utilizó más servicios de videoconferencia sincrónica para clases y consultas, mientras que el brasileño utilizó más aplicaciones de mensajería de texto para consultas (p<0,05). El profesorado latinoamericano utilizó más encuestas para evaluación (p<0.05). El profesorado brasileño indicó que utilizaría "reuniones en línea" y "servicios de encuestas" cuando regresaran a la presencialidad, mientras que el profesorado/ estudiantado europeo utilizaría "correo electrónico" (p<0,05). El profesorado de Asia/ Oceanía/Medio Oriente y profesorado/estudiantado de Brasil indicó que "las actividades remotas eran importantes para que el estudiantado no estuviera inactivo" (p<0,05). Se relizaron esfuerzos para adaptar la enseñanza de la Odontología al aprendizaje a distancia durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Sin embargo, las tecnologías utilizadas y las experiencias difirieron entre profesores y estudiantes.

Avanços e desafios da formação no Sistema Único de Saúde a partir da vivência dos docentes da área de Saúde Coletiva nos cursos de Odontologia / Advances and challenges of training in the Unified Health System based on teachers' experience in the area of Public Health in Dentistry courses

Resumo A formação direcionada para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem sido um dos pressupostos mais desafiadores no desenvolvimento dos cursos de Odontologia no Brasil. Para isso, docentes com formação em saúde coletiva desempenham papel fundamental na proposição curricular que privilegie tal abordagem. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar em cursos de Odontologia os possíveis avanços alcançados e os desafios a serem enfrentados na formação para o SUS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, com desenho transversal, cuja amostra foi composta por 119 docentes por meio da técnica probabilística do Snowball. Os participantes responderam a uma matriz de critériosvalidada, sendo realizada a análise fatorial exploratória para análise dos dados, a qual definiu cinco fatores responsáveis pela formação para o SUS: Atenção Básica; Responsabilidade Social e Trabalho em Equipe; Gestão em Saúde; Sistemas de Informação e Educação Permanente/Humanização.O estudo permitiu identificar avanços significativos na perspectiva de uma maior adequação da proposta formativa voltada para o SUS, todavia, existem desafios colocados para os professores que exigem um amplo aprofundamento na perspectiva de enfrentar as barreiras ainda impostas pela tradicional formação na área da saúde.

Abstract The training directed at the Unified Health System (SUS) has been one of the most challenging assumptions in the development of Dentistry courses in Brazil. In this regard, public health educated teachers play a fundamental role in the curricular proposition favoring such an approach. This study aimed to identify the possible advances achieved in Dentistry courses and the challenges in training for the SUS. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional research with a sample of 119 teachers employing the probabilistic Snowball technique. Participants responded to a validated criteria matrix, and an exploratory factor analysis was performed for data analysis, which defined five factors responsible for training for the SUS: Primary Care; Social Responsibility and Teamwork; Health Management; Information Systems, and Continuing Education/Humanization. The study allowed identifying significant advances in the perspective of greater adequacy of the training proposal aimed at the SUS. However, some challenges to teachers require expanding the prospect to face the barriers still imposed by traditional health training.

Experiencias y percepciones de los graduados de Odontología sobre la culminación de la tesis en una universidad del Perú / Experiences and perceptions of dentistry graduates on the culmination of the thesis at a university in Peru

La tesis universitaria representa un trabajo académico donde el estudiante demuestra las competencias investigativas aprendidas; sin embargo, su culminación requiere habilidades específicas y sujetas a limitantes. Objetivo. Identificar las percepciones de un grupo de graduados de Odontología sobre sus experiencias al desarrollar su tesis de licenciatura. Métodos. Estudio fenomenológico que entrevistó a través de grupos focales a 32 estudiantes egresados de la Facultad de Odontología (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú) que culminaron satisfactoriamente su tesis de grado. Se exploraron las categorías de factores personales, relaciones e institucionales. El análisis se realizó de forma inductiva a través de las opiniones, búsqueda de similitudes y síntesis de hallazgos. Resultados. La responsabilidad laboral a futuro (factor personal) fue percibida como uno de los principales estimulantes para culminar la tesis; la motivación del asesor de tesis (factor relacional) fue percibida como una característica que influyó en la culminación mientras que el apoyo institucional y la consecución de datos (factores institucionales) fueron percibidas como condiciones negativas y difíciles de sobrellevar. Conclusiones. Diversos factores influyen en la culminación de la tesis universitaria como: la motivación del tema de tesis, el apoyo del asesor y contar con recursos para financiar la ejecución fueron características resaltadas como factores que promueven el desarrollo de la tesis universitaria. Estas experiencias se fundamentan en la obtención de un grado académico para insertarse en un sistema laboral.

The university thesis represents an academic work where the student demonstrates the research learned skills; however, its completion requires specific skills and subject to limitations. Objective. To identify the perceptions of a group of dental graduates about their experiences while the undergraduate students develop their thesis Methods. Phenomenological study that interviewed 32 students graduated from the Faculty of Dentistry (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru) through focus groups who successfully completed their degree thesis. The categories of personal, relationship and institutional factors were explored. The analysis was carried out inductively through opinions, search for similarities and synthesis of findings. Results. Three categories of analysis were found: personal, relational and institutional factors. Future job responsibility (personal factor) was perceived as one of the main stimulants to complete the thesis, the motivation of the thesis advisor (relational factor) was perceived as a characteristic that influenced completion while institutional support and data acquisition (institutional factors) were perceived as negative conditions and difficult to cope with. Conclusions. Various factors influence the completion of the university thesis such as: The motivation of the thesis topic, the support of the advisor and having resources to finance the execution were characteristics highlighted as factors that promote the development of the university thesis. These experiences are based on obtaining an academic degree to enter a labor system.

Contribuições da Educação Interprofissional ao Ensino odontológico no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática / Interprofessional education contributions to dental education in Brazil: a systematic review

A Educação Interprofissional (EIP) é caracterizada pelo compartilhamento de aprendizado entre estudantes de duas ou mais profissões diferentes, que resulta na melhoria da condição de saúde da população. No contexto do ensino odontológico, mudanças significativas têm ocorrido nos últimos anos. Diante disso, torna-se importante analisar as características das experiências em EIP entre os acadêmicos de odontologia, bem como suas contribuições para a formação dos novos cirurgiões-dentistas. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da EIP no ensino odontológico no Brasil. A busca dos estudos primários foi realizada nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol nas bases de dados: Lilacs, Scielo, BBO e Medline através da BVS; e nos repositórios de dissertações e teses: Portal de Dissertações e Teses da Capes e BDTD. Adicionalmente, foi realizada a busca manual em anais de congressos das Escolas de Odontologia no Brasil e das reuniões da ABENO utilizando o termo "interprofissional" para publicações dos últimos 10 anos. A busca foi conduzida por duas pesquisadoras, de forma independente, utilizando-se os descritores: educação em saúde, ensino em odontologia, educação interprofissional, prática interprofissional colaborativa, relações interprofissionais, colaboração interprofissional e trabalho em equipe. Foram filtradas as publicações dos últimos 10 anos (relatos de experiência, relatos de caso, estudos observacionais e estudos comparativos) que apresentaram intervenções associadas ao tema. Os resultados apontam que os estudos são em maioria relatos de experiência, exigindo maior evidência científica; o PET-Saúde desempenha importante influência em EIP, aliando-se ao maior engajamento das IES públicas; as UBS representam o maior cenário para prática da EIP. Os principais benefícios das experiências consistiram na troca de saberes, valorização de cada profissional, respeito entre os profissionais, desconstrução de estereótipos e despertamento de novas habilidades. Diante disso, conclui-se que a EIP parece contribuir positivamente para a formação do cirurgião-dentista; as experiências apontaram aspectos que permitem a consolidação de uma visão integral de saúde e melhoria da assistência. Verificou-se a necessidade de esforços contínuos da comunidade odontológica para investigação e aplicação da EIP no Brasil

Interprofessional Education (IPE) occurs when two or more students of different professions share learning with each other, which results in improvement for the population's health condition. In dental education, significant changes have occurred in latest years. Therefore, it is important to analyze the characteristics of IPE experiences among dentistry students, and their contributions to dentist´s graduation. This is a systematic review of the literature about IPE in dental education in Brazil. The search for primary studies was conducted in English, Portuguese and Spanish in the databases: Lilacs, Scielo, BBO and Medline through the BVS; and in the repositories of dissertations and theses: Portal of Dissertations and Theses of Capes and BDTD. In addition, a manual search was conducted in the congresses proceedings of the Dentistry Schools in Brazil and ABENO meetings using the term "interprofessional" for publications from the last 10 years. The search was conducted by two researchers, independently, using the descriptors: health education, dentistry education, interprofessional education, collaborative interprofessional practice, interprofessional relationships, interprofessional collaboration and teamwork. It was selected publications of the last 10 years (experience reports, case reports, observational studies and comparative studies) that presented interventions related to the theme. The results indicated that the studies are mostly experience reports, requiring greater scientific evidence; PET-Saúde develop an important influence in IPE, there is a bigger involvement of public dentistry schools than private; the UBS represent the biggest scenario for the practice of IPE. The main benefits of the experiences consisted in the sharing of learning, appreciation of each professional, respect among professionals, deconstruction of stereotypes and awakening of new skills. Thus, it is concluded that IPE seems to contribute positively to the dentist´s graduation; the experiences show aspects that allow the consolidation of an integral vision of health and, consequently, improvement in assistance. This study verified a need for continued efforts by the dental community to investigate and apply IPE in Brazil

Teaching rapid oral health deterioration risk assessment: A 5-year report.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to present a 5-year report about the outcomes of using a teaching tool that guides dental students through the thought process of the expert about how to assess the risk of rapid oral health deterioration (ROHD) among older adults and provide viable treatment alternatives. METHODS: A teaching tool was previously developed using ROHD risk factors identified in the literature and the steps that experts apply in their treatment decision making, summarized in 10 questions. During 5 years, 188 senior dental students were introduced to the teaching tool and asked to use the 10-question set to present a case they have treated during their Geriatric and Special Needs Program. Two evaluators were asked to grade the students on each question. Students were graded "G" if they answered the question and grasped the principles behind it, "A" if they only answered the question, or "M" if they missed the question. Additionally, the students were given a form to grade the importance of and comment on the exercise. RESULTS: More than 75% of the students had an A or G for most questions, agreement between the 2 evaluators was above 85%, and students' performances improved during the 5-year period. Additionally, 94.4% of the students considered the teaching tool as important or very important for the general dentist. CONCLUSION: The vast majority of the students had an A or G grade, examiner agreement was high, and the students appreciated the importance of this teaching tool for the general dentist.

Avanços e desafios na formação do cirurgião-dentista para sua inserção nas práticas de promoção da saúde / Advances and challenges in training the dentist for its insertion in health promotion practices

Resumo A formação dos recursos humanos em saúde deve preparar um profissional para atuar multi- e interdisciplinarmente, de forma integral em todos os níveis de atenção. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar avanços e desafios na formação do cirurgião-dentista após a promulgação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) no que diz respeito à promoção da saúde, focando a abordagem do aleitamento materno (AM) e alimentação complementar saudável (ACS). Utilizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, com análise documental dos projetos pedagógicos (PP), ementas e planos de ensino e entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores das disciplinas de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia de seis faculdades paulistas, de março a maio de 2018. As análises mostraram que os PP estão alinhados com as DCN, mas há pouca abordagem destinada ao AM e ACS como promotores de saúde bucal. O estudo concluiu que houve avanços na formação dos recursos humanos em saúde baseados em sólido arcabouço formado pela legislação brasileira. Há, no entanto, desafios a serem considerados, sendo necessário avançar no desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências preconizadas pelas DCN em temas que ampliem a promoção da saúde. As instituições de ensino superior precisam favorecer que os PP se concretizem formando profissionais alinhados com suas propostas e as novas demandas do sistema de saúde.

Abstract The training of human resources in health should prepare a professional to act multi- and interdisciplinarily, in a comprehensive manner at all levels of care. This worked aimed to analyze advances and challenges in the training of dentists after the promulgation of the National Curricular Guidelines (NCG) regarding health promotion, focusing on the approach to breastfeeding (BF) and healthy complementary feeding (HCB). Qualitative research was used, with documentary analysis of pedagogical projects (PP), menus and teaching plans and semi-structured interviews with professors in the disciplines of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics from six São Paulo colleges, from March to May 2018. The analyses showed that the PP are aligned with the NCG, but there is little approach aimed at BF and HCB as promoters of oral health. The study concluded that there were advances in the training of human resources in health based on a solid framework formed by Brazilian legislation. There are, however, challenges to be considered, and it is necessary to advance in the development of skills and competencies advocated by the NCG in themes that expand health promotion. Higher education institutions need to encourage the PP to take shape by training professionals in line with their proposals and the new demands of the health system.

Innovative Trends in Implant Dentistry Training and Education: A Narrative Review.

BACKGROUND: The field of implant dentistry education is rapidly evolving as new technologies permit innovative methods to teach the fundamentals of implant dentistry. METHODS: Literature from the fields of active learning, blended learning, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, haptics, and mixed reality were reviewed and combined with the experience and opinions of expert authors. Both positive and negative aspects of the learning methods are presented. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fundamental objectives of teaching and learning remain unchanged, yet the opportunities to reach larger audiences and integrate their learning into active experiences are evolving due to the introduction of new teaching and learning methodologies. The ability to reach a global audience has never been more apparent. Nevertheless, as much as new technology can be alluring, each new method comes with unique limitations.

Perfeccionamiento de la asignatura Atención Integral a la Población en la carrera de Estomatología / Perfeccionamiento de la asignatura Atención Integral a la Población en la carrera de Estomatología

RESUMEN Se realizó una investigación educacional observacional-descriptiva transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, durante el período de septiembre 2015 a octubre 2017; con el objetivo de elaborar una estrategia didáctica para el perfeccionamiento de la asignatura Atención Integral a la Población que se imparte en el 5to. año de la carrera de Estomatología. Se diseñó una estrategia didáctica, que propone un plan temático contentivo de objetivos particulares, sistema de conocimientos y de habilidades; el cual se consideró oportuno y pertinente. Los resultados científicos expresados en la investigación fueron evaluados positivamente a través de los talleres de opinión crítica y construcción colectiva, enfatizando su importancia en el proceso docente educativo de este año académico y en el logro de los objetivos que se establecen en el modelo del profesional.

ABSTRACT Se realizó una investigación educacional observacional-descriptiva transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, durante el período de septiembre 2015 a octubre 2017; con el objetivo de elaborar una estrategia didáctica para el perfeccionamiento de la asignatura Atención Integral a la Población que se imparte en el 5to. año de la carrera de Estomatología. Se diseñó una estrategia didáctica, que propone un plan temático contentivo de objetivos particulares, sistema de conocimientos y de habilidades; el cual se consideró oportuno y pertinente. Los resultados científicos expresados en la investigación fueron evaluados positivamente a través de los talleres de opinión crítica y construcción colectiva, enfatizando su importancia en el proceso docente educativo de este año académico y en el logro de los objetivos que se establecen en el modelo del profesional.

Percepción de los estudiantes de odontologia de la ufrgs sobre la disciplina de pacientes con necesidades especiales / Perception of ufrgs dentistry students of the area of dental care for patients with special needs

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (FO-UFRGS), que cursaron la disciplina electiva de Atención Odontológica para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales (PNE), en relación a dicho curso. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, observacional y analítico, en el cual se aplicó un cuestionario con 20 preguntas abiertas y cerradas a 64 estudiantes de 9º y 10º semestre que habían cursado la disciplina antes mencionada. El 98,4% (n=63) de los alumnos se sintió conmovido y obtuvo una lección de vida con los pacientes; el 86% (n=55) se identificó con la atención odontológica a PNE; el 67,2% (n=43) no mostró interés en especializarse en el área; sin embargo, el 76,6% (n=49) manifestó estar preparado para realizar atención a PNE; el 98,4% (n=63) recomendaría esta disciplina a sus compañeros; el 100% (n=64) consideró que el aprendizaje obtenido fue importante para su formación académica como cirujano dentista y que esta disciplina debería ser obligatoria en la malla curricular. Para los estudiantes encuestados, la disciplina de Atención Odontológica para PNE es importante para su formación y debe ser considerada obligatoria; les ha permitido conocer una nueva realidad y desmitificar sus miedos y preconceptos; además, los ha tornado profesionales más capacitados y con mayor empatía para atender dicha población.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the perception of the students of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (FO-UFRGS) who took the elective subject of Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs (PSN) in relation to said course. A longitudinal, observational and analytical study was carried out, in which a questionnaire with 20 open and closed questions was applied to 64 students of 9th and 10th semester who had taken this subject. A total of 98.4% (n = 63) of the students felt moved and learnt a life lesson with the patients; 86% (n = 55) identified with dental care for PSN; 67.2% (n = 43) showed no interest in specializing in the area; however, 76.6% (n = 49) said they were prepared to work with PSN; 98.4% (n = 63) would recommend this area to their peers; 100% (n = 64) considered that what they learned was important for their academic training as dental surgeons and that this discipline should be obligatory in the course curriculum. The students surveyed believe this area is important for their training and should be considered obligatory; it has allowed them to see a new reality and demystify their fears and preconceptions. In addition, it has made them more qualified professionals with greater empathy to serve this population.

Experiência do ensino integrado ao serviço para formação em Saúde: percepção de alunos e egressos de Odontologia / Integrated teaching to service experience in Health professional education: perception of dentistry students and graduates / Experiencia de la enseñanza integrada al servicio para formación en Salud: percepción de alumnos y egresados de Odontología

Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar a importância do estágio extramuros na formação profissional em Odontologia, por meio da percepção de alunos e egressos que atuam no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram selecionados 36 portfólios, construídos pelos alunos em suas experiências extramurais, entre 2009 a 2014. Além da análise dos portfólios foram entrevistados cinco egressos que atuam no SUS, para responderem questionamentos relacionados à contribuição do estágio para atuação no SUS. Para análise dos discursos, utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo temático. Observou-se que as práticas de vivência nos serviços de saúde foram valorizadas por permitirem, sobretudo, reconhecer a realidade social e os serviços, com suas deficiências e dificuldades. Conclui-se que as experiências extramurais motivam a formação de profissionais mais humanos, éticos e reflexivos, tornando-os conhecedores e potenciais modificadores da realidade da saúde que não condiz aos princípios do SUS.(AU)

This research aims to evaluate the importance of out-of-class experience in dentistry professional education through the perception of dentistry students and graduates who work in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Thirty-six portfolios constructed by students from 2009 to 2014 were selected to be analyzed in this study. Additionally, five graduates who work in the SUS were interviewed regarding the contribution of this experience for their performance in the SUS. Speech analysis of the interviews was carried out using a qualitative approach with thematic content analysis. The practices in health services were valued mainly for allowing the professionals to recognize the social reality and services with their shortcomings and difficulties. In conclusion, these experiences stimulate the education of more human, ethical and reflective professionals, that are aware and potentially modifiers of the health reality whenever it diverges from SUS principles.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la importancia de la pasantía extramuros en la formación profesional de Odontología, por medio de la percepción de alumnos y egresados que actúan en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS). Se seleccionaron 36 portfolios, elaborados por los alumnos en sus experiencias extramurales, en el período de 2009 a 2014. Además del análisis de las carteras fueron entrevistados cinco egresados que actúan en el SUS, para que respondieran a cuestionamientos relacionados a la contribución de la pasantía para la actuación en el SUS. Para análisis de los discursos, se utilizó un abordaje cualitativo con análisis de contenido temático. Se observó que se valorizaron las prácticas de vivencia en los servicios de salud por permitir, principalmente, el reconocimiento de la realidad social y de los servicios con sus deficiencias y dificultades. Se concluye que las experiencias extramurales motivan la formación de profesionales más humanos, éticos y reflexivos, haciéndolos conocedores y potenciales modificadores de la realidad de la salud que no está en acuerdo con los principios del SUS.(AU)

PET-Saúde como indutor da formação profissional para o Sistema Único de Saúde / PET-Health as inducer of professional education to Unified Health System

O PET-Saúde é configurado como um programa desenvolvido por cursos da área da saúde voltados para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com a preceptoria de um profissional do serviço público. O objetivo da pesquisa foi comparar o desempenho entre alunos que participaram do PET-Saúde de cursos de Odontologia, Medicina e Enfermagem por meio dos resultados do Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (ENADE) em 2010 com aqueles que não participam. A população do estudo consistiu de 49.758 estudantes, dos quais 761 participaram do PET-Saúde. Para analisar o desempenho de estudantes em 2010 foram considerados os escores médios dos conhecimentos gerais, habilidades específicas e saúde coletiva. Os alunos que participaram do PET-Saúde tiveram um desempenho superior em todas as médias (55,48) quando comparados com aqueles que não o fizeram (50,96). O investimento compartilhado entre os Ministérios da Saúde e Educação no PET-Saúde, estratégia envolvendo estudantes, profissionais de serviços públicos e professores, contribuiu para a reorientação da formação em saúde, produzindo uma importante relação entre os serviços de saúde pública e a universidade.(AU)

PET-Health is configured as a program developed by health courses guided by the principle Unified Health System (SUS), with the preceptorship of a professional from health public service. The aim of the research was to compare the performance between PET-Health undergraduate of Dentistry, Medical and Nursing courses by the results of National Student Performance Exam (ENADE) in 2010 with those who did not participate in the program. The study population consisted of 49,758 students, which 761 participated in PET-Health. To analyze the performance of students in 2010 were considered the mean scores in general education, expertise skill and public health. Students who participated in PET-Health had superior performance in all means (55.48) when compared to those who did not (50.96). The shared investment between the Ministries of Health and Education in PET-Health, strategy involving students, professionals from public services and professor, contribute to the reorientation of health training, producing a great relationship between public health services and university.(AU)

Who are the students of the Dentistry program at ULBRA in Canoas/RS, what they think and what they expect of the job market: A cross-sectional study / Quem é, o que pensa e qual a expectativa para o mercado de trabalho dos estudantes do Curso de Odontologia da ULBRA, em Canoas, RS: um estudo transversal

Os cursos de Odontologia devem formar profi ssionais de perfi l generalista, com formação biológica, científi ca, técnica, social e humanística; capacitados para a realidade do mercado de trabalho e para o exercício da Odontologia em âmbito privado e público, a fi m de atuarem com liderança na comunidade em que estiverem inseridos. Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva analisar o perfi l sócio demográfi co, a satisfação com o curso, a autoavaliação do desempenho acadêmico e a expectativa sobre o mercado de trabalho, em estudantes ingressantes e formandos do curso de Odontologia da ULBRA/Canoas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal realizado através de um questionário com diferentes perguntas para os estudantes ingressantes e formandos do curso no ano de 2015. Um questionário foi formulado com perguntas objetivas fechadas e abertas de múltipla escolha e aplicado a 71 alunos (86,5%), regularmente matriculados no Curso. Resultados: A maior parte dos sujeitos é do sexo feminino, solteiros, sem fi lhos e com idade entre 17 e 36 anos. A maioria escolheu a Odontologia como profi ssão, pois sempre gostou ou se interessou pela área da saúde. Foi possível observar que os alunos formandos atuaram mais nas áreas de dentística (90,4%) e periodontia (77,0%) durante o período acadêmico e pretendem trabalhar em consultório particular (49,0%) e no Sistema Único de Saúde (65,0%). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o perfi l dos ingressantes e dos formandos é diversifi cado e pode se concluir que os alunos têm como percepção que a maior difi culdade no exercício da Odontologia é a inserção e saturação do mercado de trabalho.

Dentistry programs should prepare professionals with a generalist profi le, having biological, scientifi c, technical, social and humanistic training. They should be trained for the reality of the job market and to practice Dentistry in both public and private settings, in order to provide leadership in the community in which they are placed. Objective: This study aims to analyze the socio-demographic profi le, satisfaction with the program, self-evaluation of academic performance and expectations of the job market of students entering and exiting the Dentistry program of ULBRA/Canoas. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted using a questionnaire with different questions for students entering and exiting the program in 2015. A questionnaire was developed with both open and closed objective, multiple-choice questions. It was given to 71 (86.5%) students enrolled in the program. Results: Most of the subjects are female, single, childless and between the ages of 17 and 36 years. Most chose Dentistry as a profession because they always liked or were interested in the health fi eld. It was observed that the exiting students worked more in the areas of General Dentistry (90.4%) and Periodontics (77.0%) during their academic time, and intended to work in private practice (49.0%) and in the Unifi ed Health System (65.0%). Conclusion: It was concluded that the profi le of the entering and the exiting students is diverse, also that the students perceive that the greatest diffi culty in the practice of Dentistry is the insertion and saturation of the job market.

Saúde coletiva e novas diretrizes curriculares em odontologia: uma proposta para graduação / Collective health and new curricular directives in dentistry: a proposal for undergraduate courses

O trabalho analisa a trajetória das propostas de perfil profissional definidas na orientação dos currículos de cursos de Odontologia no Brasil até a implantação das novas diretrizes curriculares nacionais. É analisada também a situação atual dos cursos que adotaram tais diretrizes e a adesão ao Pró-Saúde, com orientação de formação para os serviços. Apresenta a proposta curricular dos conteúdos de saúde coletiva para o curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, sua lógica de construção, as atividades teóricas e práticas, a vivência de alunos e professores no Sistema Único de Saúde, cargas horárias e distribuição no currículo do curso. A proposta apresenta-se como uma alternativa inovadora cujo diferencial está sintetizado na ideia de formar o aluno com uma concepção de saúde coletiva que seja anterior à concepção odontocêntrica tradicionalmente ensinada, aproximando os estudantes de uma práxis da saúde coletiva.

This study analyzes the trajectory of professional proposals defined in the guidelines of course curricula for Dentistry in Brazil, until the implementation of new national curricula directives. The current situation of courses that have adopted such directives and the adhesion to Pró-Saúde is also analyzed, with formation service guidelines. This curriculum proposal for collective health content for the Dentistry Course at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, its constructive logic, the theoretical and practical activities, the experience of students and professors in the Public Health System (SUS), work periods and distribution in the course curriculum are also all analyzed. The proposal is presented as an innovative alternative whose differential is synthesized in the concept of instructing students with a concept of collective health that comes before the formation of any traditionally taught dentistry-centered concepts, thus bringing students closer to a custom of collective health.

A formação de valores e a prática da atenção primária na saúde com estudantes de odontologia / La formación de valores y la práctica de atención primaria en salud con estudiantes de odontología / Training in values and the practice of primary health care with oral health students

As ações que o sistema público de saúde brasileiro, chamado Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) propõe passam pela valorização da Atenção Primária na Saúde (APS). Para isso os recursos humanos envolvidos precisam estar preparados. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar concepções de dimensões relacionadas à APS junto a alunos do 8º e 9º períodos de uma faculdade de odontologia de uma universidade pública no Brasil, com participação do universo dos alunos. Questionários individuais abordando as dimensões foram aplicados por um único pesquisador. As respostas foram analisadas pelo programa BioStat 4.0. Os pesquisados entendem “visão do processo saúde-doença“ de maneira ampliada e que “tecnologias apropriadas” são limitadas às chamadas tecnologias duras e leve-duras com muito pouca menção ao uso de tecnologias leves. Para “humanização do atendimento” definem que ética representa um compromisso com a dignidade da vida humana e solidariedade deve ser entendida de maneira politizada; vínculo é estabelecido além de competências técnicas profissionais e responsabilização reflete a priorização da pessoa. Por outro lado não compreendem que ética e solidariedade são tecnologias passíveis de estudo aprofundado sendo entendidas pelos alunos como “valores” que não podem ser sistematizados em conteúdos curriculares.

Las acciones que propone el sistema brasilero de salud pública, llamado Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), dependen de la valorización de de la Atención Primaria en Salud (APS). Por ello, los recursos humanos involucrados deben estar preparados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar conceptos de dimensiones relacionadas con APS entre estudiantes de octavo y noveno periodos de una facultad de odontología en una universidad pública de Brasil, con la particpación de un universo de alumnos. Para abordar las dimensiones, un solo investigador aplicó cuestionarios individuales. Las respuestas fueron analizadas con el programa BioStat 4.0. Los encuestados entienden “el proceso salud-enfermedad” de manera amplia y que las “tecnologías adecuadas” están limitadas a las llamadas tecnologías duras y medianamente duras, con muy poca mención del uso de tecnologías livianas. Respecto de la “humanización de la atención”, piensan que la ética representa un compromiso con la dignidad humana y que la solidaridad debe entenderse de manera política; además, establecen un vínculo entre experiencia técnica y responsabilidad, reflejada en la priorización de la persona. Por otro lado, no comprenden que es posible un estudio profundo de la ética y la solidaridad, entendiéndolas en cambio como “valores” que no pueden ser sistematizados en el contenido curricular.

The interventions that public health Brazilian system propose, denominated Unique Health System (UHS) depend on the value given to Primary Health Care (PHC). Therefore, human resources involved must be prepared. The aim of this study was to evaluate dimension concepts related to PHC by students of eight and nine periods of Dentistry Department of a Brazilian Public University, with the participation of a sample of students. In order to study the dimensions, one researcher applied individual questionnaires. The answers were analyzed with BioStat 4.0 program. Respondents understand broadly “the process health-disease” and that “adequate technologies” are limited to hard and medium technologies, with little mention to the use of soft technologies. With respect to “humanizing health care”, they belief that ethics represent a compromise with human dignity and that solidarity must be understood politically; furthermore, they establish a link between technical experience and responsibility, reflected in giving priority to the person. On the other hand, they do not understand that it is possible a deep study of ethics and solidarity, understanding them more as “values” which cannot be systematized in curricular content.